volatility in determining a firm's debt currency composition, among other channels. Furthermore, the effect of exchange rate … volatility becomes statistically insignificant beyond an estimated threshold credit-to-GDP ratio of 100 percent …

There is strong evidence that interest rates and bond yield movements exhibit both stochastic volatility and … associated bond yields by estimating the volatility and jump risk premia in highly volatile markets. Using the simulated method … of moments (SMM), results suggest that all variants of models which do not take into account stochastic volatility and …

This paper examines the mechanisms through which output volatility is related to trade openness using an industry … appreciable impact on aggregate volatility. Added together they imply that the relationship between trade openness and overall … volatility is positive and economically significant …

fluctuations in real commodity prices. Increased exchange rate volatility calls for a better understanding of these relations. To … multi-country model, with world market clearing, which incorporates speculative and non-speculative demands for inventories … matters, and that supply and demand elasticities are important in determining the commodity price in world markets above and …