countries. Proxies are focused on both spot and derivative transactions that alter the central bank's foreign currency position …

This paper examines the impact of changes in margin requirements on returns, transaction volumes, and price volatility … shift trade to the competing exchange. Price volatility or returns are not systematically affected by changes in margin …

coordination to address excessive exchange rate volatility might be limited in certain cases …

secular trend and the short run volatility. To do so, we employ 25 series, some of them starting as far back as 1650 and … investigating the dynamics of the volatility of the 25 relative primary commodity prices also allowing for endogenous multiple … breaks. We describe the often time-varying volatility in commodity prices and show that it has increased in recent years …

volatility in determining a firm's debt currency composition, among other channels. Furthermore, the effect of exchange rate … volatility becomes statistically insignificant beyond an estimated threshold credit-to-GDP ratio of 100 percent …