productivity, while import liberalization has ambiguous effects. Resource misallocation can either amplify, dampen or reverse the … productivity gains. Guided by theory, we provide evidence consistent with these effects operating through reallocations across … firms in the presence of distortions: (i) Both export and import expansion increase average firm productivity, but the …

sectors are weighed down by the structural barriers that have depressed productivity more broadly. Italy’s future …In Italy, price-based competitiveness measures are not always an accurate predictor of trade outcomes. This paper … Italy’s export market share. Overall, Italy maintains a high-quality export mix, and the adaptability of small …

pattern of international trade and production on the overall productivity growth of a developing country. A key result is that … productivity growth. The authors also find that a production-share weighted average of (technological leaders’) sectoral … productivity growth rates has a significant effect on the rate of aggregate productivity growth …

Italy''s medium-term economic performance has raised ""standard"" competitiveness concerns as unit labor costs surged …, which partly reflect nonprice economic restructuring, have supported Italy''s real exports after 2005 (as in Germany but … to Italy''s ""restructuring story,"" including quality upgrading, geographical trade diversification, and outsourcing …

Italy's labor productivity in market services has declined since 2000, underperforming manufacturing and peer European …