gaps will be essential for successfully modernizing Italy's public administration …

the wage bill in the South of Italy can be identified as a subsidy, with both the size of public employment and wage …This paper examines the regional distribution of public employment in Italy and documents two sets of facts. The first … is the use of public employment as a subsidy from the North to the less wealthy South. We calculate that about half of …

development. It introduces human capital into a classic two-sector model of unbalanced growth. It shows that, as an economy …

Advanced economies have been witnessing a pronounced slowdown of productivity growth since the global financial crisis …. Other contributors to productivity growth in firms are workforce aging, access to finance, and skills mismatches …

France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom during the period of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Our findings …'s and market experts’ deficit forecasts also increased in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, particularly during the …