""conflict process"" remained unchanged. This shift seems related to changes in aid flows since the Cold War: donors became …

reflect and perpetuate gender norms that limit women's economic participation, and removal of these impediments through legal …, and the United States) that rank high in gender equality in their respective regions demonstrate how legal reforms have …

This paper examines the nature of gender bias in tax systems. Gender bias takes both explicit and implicit forms …. Explicit gender bias is found in many personal income tax systems. Several countries, especially those in Western Europe, have … undertaken to eliminate explicit gender bias in recent years. It is more difficult to identify implicit gender bias, since this …

paper are subject to an extraordinary degree of uncertainty. The key messages are: (1) that the devastating civil war has … what it was before the war started and it could take two decades or more for Syria to return to its pre-conflict GDP levels …