This paper investigates the degree of bank competition in the euro area, the U.S. and U.K. before and after the recent … financial crisis, and revisits the issue whether the introduction of EMU and the euro have had any impact on bank competition …. The results suggest that the level of bank competition converged across euro area countries in the wake of the EMU. The …

Past studies on the relationship between electricity consumption and temperature have primarily focused on individual …, overcoming the data constraint by using grid-level night light and temperature data. Mostly generated by electricity and recorded … by satellites, night light has a strong linear relationship with electricity consumption and is correlated with both its …

this context, the paper discusses the different experiences of the UK (where employment increased) and Spain (where it fell … sharply), and finds that almost two thirds of the employment losses in Spain resulted from the failure of real wages to adjust …

's success story, highlighting crucial policies in education and electricity sectors. It undertakes a forward-looking costing … exercise that focusses on five sectors - education, health, roads, water, and electricity infrastructure. Achieving the …