The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While …-not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference … for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be …

Cash use in most countries is falling slowly. On the margin, younger adults favor cash substitutes over cash. For older … the demand for cash and why it is falling. Cash use may continue to fall, and card use (the main cash substitute) may fall …

payment schemes are expanding within countries, although cross-border and pan-euro area instruments are not yet widespread …

to address future deflationary shocks. The existence of cash prevents central banks from cutting interest rates much … below zero. In this paper, we consider the practical feasibility of recent proposals for decoupling cash from electronic … money to achieve a negative yield on cash which would remove the lower bound constraint on monetary policy. We discuss how …

handling potentially contaminated cash. This paper is the first empirical attempt in the literature to investigate whether the … risk of infectious diseases affects demand for physical cash. Since the intensity of cash use may influence the spread of … lowers demand for physical cash, after controlling for macroeconomic, financial, and technological factors. While the …

size of euro capital markets and the existing roles of European currencies in international capital markets. The paper also … examines the euro’s impact on international securities markets, including the role of the ECB, the evolution of EMU securities …, as are the broader implications of the introduction of the euro for changes in international capital flows, international …

The success of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) will depend on the stability of the euro. The monetary policy … inflation targeting rule that includes output. Implications for the euro as a reserve currency are examined in the light of the …

several countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The elimination of intra euro-zone exchange rate volatility … resulting from the introduction of the euro is estimated to affect the production structure of MENA economies and shift their … exports from manufacturing to agriculture and services. At the country and industry levels, the impact of the euro is more …

This paper explores inflation determinants within the EU and implications for new members'' euro adoption plans. Factor …