power in global markets. First, competition has declined around the world, measured as a moderate increase in average firm …

We examine the extent to which regulations of entry and credit access are related to competition using data on 28 … competition, as proxied by the price-cost margin, in the industries with a naturally high entry rate. Rigid entry regulations are … exerting a positive effect on competition. These results suggest that incumbent firms are likely to enjoy the rent and market …

participation in the World Trade Organization, or, more controversially, some form of bilateral punishment, may be used …

Does greater product market competition improve external competitiveness and growth? This paper examines this question … emerging market economies and developing countries, and finds that an improvement in domestic competition is associated with a … productivity growth. Price levels, including of essential items, are also generally lowered with an increase in competition …