Many studies predict massive job losses and real wage decline as a result of the ongoing widespread automation of … production, a trend that may be further aggravated by the COVID-19 crisis. Yet automation is also expected to raise productivity … and output. How can we share the gains from automation more widely, for the benefit of all? And what are the attendant …

average, perform more routine tasks than men?tasks that are more prone to automation. To quantify the impact on jobs, we … relate data on task composition at work to occupation level estimates of probability of automation, controlling for a rich … workers are at a significantly higher risk for displacement by automation than male workers, with 11 percent of the female …

automation, especially in emerging markets. We find that negative perceptions about automation are prevalent among workers who … over automation are positively viewed by workers with higher levels of job satisfaction, higher educational attainment, and … from countries with stronger labor protection. Workers with positive perceptions of automation also tend to respond that re …

process. Seven levels of automation of price discovery are identified, and 47 systems are classified according to these … criteria. Systems operating at various levels of automation are compared with respect to age, geographical location, and type … asymmetric information increases with the level of automation of price discovery. The potential for trading abuses related to …