This paper shows that top management structures in large US firms have changed significantly since the mid-1980s. While the size of the executive team – the group of managers reporting directly to the CEO – doubled during this period, this growth was driven primarily by an increase in...

Once successful, most companies fall victim to strategic rigidity. The more the business model is attuned to the existing environment, the harder it is to reform it when conditions change. In response to this renewal challenge, the “agile organization” has been hailed as a way to keep...