This paper presents a formal model that elucidates how sustained performance heterogeneity emerges from competitive amplification due to endogenous resource investment under uncertainty. Specifically, the model shows that if resources are scale free, any small resource differences are amplified...

This paper presents Monte Carlo simulations to assess which regression estimators can lead to elevated rates of false positives: results that appear “significant" while they are not. Structuralestimators, such as random effects, logit, and Poisson, are compared to ordinary least squares (OLS),...