), describe and evaluate the past and present structure of personal taxes in Japan, and based on our findings, make a number of … policy recommendations about how to reform personal taxes in Japan. We find that the structure of Japan's current consumption … improves both the efficiency and equity of Japan's personal taxes and, at the same time, achieves fiscal reconstruction. …

confirmed. Moreover, an awareness of appropriate alcohol consumption supports the sixth strategy of the Health Japan 21 policy …

Japan, we find that private consumption has been relatively stagnant during the 2002-07 period and that the stagnation of …

In this paper, I survey the previous literature on the saving behavior of the aged in Japan and then present some … survey data on the saving behavior of the aged in Japan that became available recently. To summarize the main findings of … that this model is highly applicable in the case of Japan. …