We study the political economy of labour market policies. First, it is shown that tax and redistributive considerations lead inside workers to prefer spending on active labour market programmes to passive spending, e.g., on unemployment benefits. We also show that greater active spending may be...

In order to respond to the social security needs of an increasingly aged population, many governments with limited budgets are required to focus available resources on the direct causes of people's anxieties about aging. This study investigated the causes of people's anxieties about life after...

The almost continuous stagnation of the Japanese economy for the past two decades has had an adverse impact on Japanese households from at least three perspectives: A decline in the standard of living, an increase in risks and uncertainties relating to livelihood, employment, old age, etc., and...

The almost continuous stagnation of the Japanese economy for the past two decades has had an adverse impact on Japanese households from at least three perspectives: A decline in the standard of living, an increase in risks and uncertainties relating to livelihood, employment, old age, etc., and...

This study investigated the causes of people's anxieties about life after the age of 65 years, using household data from countries with different social contexts: Japan, the United States, China, and India. This research added contextual aspects to the literature on social security and...

In this paper we examine the asymptotic properties of the estimator of the long-run coefficient (LRC) in a dynamic regression model with integrated regressors and serially correlated errors. We show that the OLS estimators of the regression coefficients are inconsistent but the OLS-based...

This paper develops an instrumental variable (IV) estimator for consistent estimation of dynamic panel data models with a multifactor error structure when both N and T, the cross-sectional and time series dimensions respectively, are large. Our approach projects out the common factors from...

In this paper, we propose a robust approach against heteroskedasticity, error serial correlation and slope heterogeneity for large linear panel data models. First, we establish the asymptotic validity of the Wald test based on the widely used panel heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation...

This paper puts forward a new instrumental variables (IV) approach for linear panel datamodels with interactive effects in the error term and regressors. The instruments are transformed regressors and so it is not necessary to search for external instruments. The proposed method asymptotically...

This paper develops two instrumental variable (IV) estimators for dynamic panel data models with exogenous covariates and a multifactor error structure when both crosssectional and time series dimensions, N and T respectively, are large. Our approach initially projects out the common factors...