In this paper we study the separate effects of unemployment and job displace- ment on fertility in a sample of white … collar women in Austria. Using an instru- mental variables approach we show that unemployment incidence as such has no … so irrespective of the incidence or the duration of the associated unemployment spell. …

reduction in fertility is not due to the income loss generated by unemployment but arises because displaced workers undergo a …

regional unemployment rates. While employed men suffer from regional unemployment, unemployed men are significantly less … negatively affected. This is consistent with a social-norm effect of unemployment in Germany. We find no evidence of such an …

The social norm of unemployment suggests that aggregate unemployment reduces the well-being of the employed, but has a … the appropriate distinction may not be between employment and unemployment, but rather between higher and lower levels of … regional unemployment. However, the insecure employed and the poor-prospect unemployed are less negatively, or even positively …