voters' preferences. We investigate the reverse effect: Are the electorates' policy preferences responsive to party positions … the preferences of specific partisan groups with their preferred party's position on the policy under consideration …

played in political-economy outcomes and in the "long divergence" between the Middle East and Western Europe. Finally, cross …

The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of … doubt on causal interpretations of the religion-economy nexus in Prussian secularization …

unique source for micro-regional empirical research in economic history, enabling analyses of the importance of such factors …