of international offshoring from the recent patterns of “domestic offshoring”, the relocation of activities across … national border. Investigating the domestic and international offshoring patterns for West German manufacturing industries …. -- International offshoring ; domestic offshoring ; functional fragmentation ; industry life cycle ; Germany ; K density …

We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

multinationals, are less likely to rely on imported or internally provided services. -- International trade ; services ; off-shoring …