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political competition is too high or too low. We first build a simple game theoretic model to capture the effect of electoral … competition on corruption. We show that in equilibrium, corruption has a U-shaped relationship with electoral competition. If the … election is safe for the incumbent (low competition) or if it is extremely fragile (high competition) then corruption is higher …
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We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between 1295 and 1846. We assemble a new database using information on cardinals that participated in conclaves during this period, and construct measures of polarization and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012843160
The Axial Age, which lasted between 800 B. C. E. and 200 B. C. E., covers an era in which the spiritual foundations of humanity were laid simultaneously and independently in various geographic areas, and all three major monotheisms of Judaism, Christianity and Islam were born between 1200 B. C....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012775813
Ethnic and religious fractionalization have important effects on economic growth and development, but their role in internal violent conflicts has been found to be negligible and statistically insignificant. These findings have been invoked in refutation of the Huntington hypothesis, according...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012763931
We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending is associated with national innovation towards war...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014358849
We analyze the role of risk-sharing institutions in transitions to modern economies. Transitions requires individual-level risk-taking in pursuing productivity-enhancing activities including using and developing new knowledge. Individual-level, idiosyncratic risk implies that distinct...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013127725
Culture as reflected in social and religious norms may be pivotal to social organization in a decentralised economy where local authorities are responsible for the provision of local public goods. We distinguish between individualist and collectivist cultures to argue that collectivist culture...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013136493