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A tax-smoothing objective is used to assess the optimal consumption of public debt with respect to maturity and contingencies. This objective motivates the government to make its debt payout contingent on the levels of public outlay and the tax base. If these contingencies are present, but asset...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013224323
For U.S. annual data that include WWII, the estimated multiplier for temporary defense spending is 0.4-0.5 contemporaneously and 0.6-0.7 over two years. If the change in defense spending is "permanent" (gauged by Ramey's defense-news variable), the multipliers are higher by 0.1-0.2. The...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013150906
The economic effects of taxation depend on the configuration of marginal tax rates. We consider here the appropriate measure of a marginal tax rate for the federal individual income tax, which has a graduated-rate structure and allows for numerous legal and illegal deductions from total...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013313347
We extend previous estimates of the average marginal tax rate from the federal individual income tax to include social security "contributions." The social security tax is a flat-rate levy on labor earnings (and income from self-employment) up to a ceiling value of earnings. Our computations...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013231237
Models of endogenous economic growth can generate long-term growth without relying on exogenous changes in technology or population. A general feature of these models is the presence of constant or increasing returns in the factors that can be accumulated. I use some models of this type to study...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013232139
risk is the dominant force, the size distribution of disasters follows a power law, and the economy has a representative … difference between the power-law tail parameter and the coefficient of relative risk aversion, γ. The options-pricing formula …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013001208
. However, in a Lucas-tree world, the aggregate risk is given by the process for GDP and cannot be altered by the creation of … will be nil. With heterogeneity in coefficients of relative risk aversion, safe assets can take the form of private bond … issues from low-risk-aversion to high-risk-aversion agents. The model assumes Epstein-Zin/Weil preferences with common values …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013044613
monetary base and the price level at these times differed from the post-World War I1 experience in ways predicted by the theory …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013139987
dividend yield--would be close to the risk-free rate, estimated to be around 1%. We study these properties within an asset ….1%) confidence band along with a small risk premium for gold. In this scenario, the bulk of gold's expected return corresponds to the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013087443
Inflationary finance involves first, the tax on cash balances from expected inflation, and second, a capital levy from unexpected inflation. From the standpoint of minimizing distortions, these capital levies are attractive, ex post, to the policymaker. In a full equilibrium two conditions hold:...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012774603