We provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of the links between international services outsourcing, domestic … outsourcing, profits and innovation using plant level data. We find a positive effect of international outsourcing of services on … innovative activity at the plant level. Such a positive effect can also be observed for domestic outsourcing of services, but the …

We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …