This paper critically reviews what we know about the long-term effects of parental leave and early childhood education … potential benefits. By contrast, expansions of early education generally yield benefits at school entry, adolescence, and for …

support the claim of substantial economic benefits from preschool education programs. Previous studies of the rate of return …

This paper organizes and synthesizes the literature on early childhood education and childcare. In it, we go beyond …

maternal education. Increasingly, higher-SES children spend less time with their parents and more time in the care of others …

childhood education falls short of sufficiently answering fundamental questions about what works for whom and why. A tighter …

randomized to receive a new preschool and parent education program focused on cognitive and non-cognitive skills (CogX) or to a … control group that did not receive preschool education. In addition to a typical academic year (9 month) program, we also … Kindergarten. Both programs, including the shortened version, significantly improved cognitive test scores by about one quarter of …

provide more cognitive stimulation to children with higher education polygenic scores. This pattern varies by socioeconomic …