's innovation and export activities, using unique firm survey data which provides direct measures for innovations and firm … export and innovation activities to become substitutes although they are generally natural complements …

We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries … characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 … different innovation measures; the only exception is for copyright/trademark. The immigrant advantage holds for older firms as …

capital is positively influenced by the size of the R&D sector, sheds new light on innovation and growth as well as income …