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The importance of ecosystem functions for humankind is well known. But only few attempts have been undertaken to estimate the economic value of these ecosystem services. In particular, indirect methods are rarely used, even though they are most suitable for the task. This discrepancy is because...
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) postulates an inverted u-shaped curve between important pollutants and per capita GDP analogous to the relationship between in-come inequality and income per capita which has been analysed by Kuznets in 1955. The arti-cle focuses on an empirical...
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Following the first oil crisis, France launched the world’s largest ever nuclear energy program, commissioning 58 new … reactors. These reactors are now reaching 40 years of age, the end of their technological lifetime. This places France at an … optimization model, calibrated for France. Then we use it to study 27 retrofit strategies for all combinations of uncertain …
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, Germany's exports are less vulnerable to price increases, while exports from France and Italy respond strongly to price …
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