care subsidies are associated with worse maternal health and poorer interactions between parents and their children. In …, depression, and parenting stress. Such mothers also reveal more psychological and physical aggression toward their children and …

the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we measure parental investments by considering the time parents spend with … their child doing formative activities. By adopting a child fixed-effect instrumental variable estimation to address …

characteristics, for five samples (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), with data being drawn from the European Community … influenced by the presence of young children in the household, by the total non-labor income, and by the ratio of mothers' non …

domestic work, and bought in child care for married or cohabiting mothers with pre-school age children. The father's behavior … show that the time allocations of women with pre-school children are highly sensitive to changes in wages and the costs of …

We analyze a mechanism that has been disregarded in the literature on parental investment in children, as little … attention has been devoted to the choices made by children themselves. We model directly time use by youngsters into activities … countries (France, Italy and Germany) on the link between time allocation by parents and time allocation by youngsters …

participation affects the number of children born through decreased marital satisfaction, changed attitudes toward traditional …) on fertility among reproductive-age women. We find that IU reduces the number of children born, with more pronounced … results are robust to alternative IU measures and a series of estimation approaches that control for endogeneity. IU …