Sectoral contracts in many European countries set wage floors for different occupation groups. In addition, employers … often pay a wage premium (or wage cushion) to individual workers. We use administrative data from Portugal, linked to … collective bargaining agreements, to study the interactions between wage floors and wage cushions and quantify the impact of …

This paper provides estimates of the union wage gap in Portugal, a nation until recently lacking independent data on … union density at firm level. Having estimated nonlinear and linear estimates of the effect of union density on the wage gap … sources of the union wage gap. A generalization of this technique is applied for the nonlinear case. We find evidence of a …

This paper estimates a wage equation with three high-dimensional fixed effects, using a longitudinal matched employer …-employee dataset covering virtually all Portuguese wage earners over a little more than two decades. The variation in log real hourly … unobserved) and a residual component.It is found that worker permanent heterogeneity is the most important source of wage …

determinants of union density at firm level are first modeled. Next, we draw upon a very recent study of the union wage premium to … provide summary estimates of the union wage gap for different ranges of union density. Since these estimates fully reflect the … and extensions is viewed as an aspect of downward nominal wage rigidity in deflationary times (the counterpart of "upward …

Using longitudinal employer-employee data spanning over a 22-year period, we compare age-wage and age … ages, wages increase in line with productivity gains but as prime-age approaches, wage increases lag behind productivity …-level productivity exceeds their contribution to the wage bill. On the methodological side, we note that failure to account for the …

This paper considers the role of gender in the promotion process and the impact of promotion on wages and wage growth … effect is generally higher for females; and that female wage growth from contemporaneous promotion is almost as high as that …

expensive older workers into retirement. Based on the seniority wage model developed by Lazear (1979), we discuss steep … seniority wage profiles as incentives for firms to dismiss older workers before retirement. Conditional on individual retirement … incentives, e.g., social security wealth or health status, the steepness of the wage profile will have different incentives for …

of the gender wage gap.An updated longitudinal analysis using the CPS data is also provided. This examination of two …

-employee data (specifically, the LIAB for 2001). We find that works councils are associated with higher earnings. The wage premium … council premium is decreasing with the position of the worker in the wage distribution. And it is also higher for women than … for men. Finally, the works council wage premium is associated with longer job tenure. This suggests that some of the …