mainstream. This paper asks how public attitudes about such policies respond once an extreme party increases their political … elections where a party either barely wins or loses an additional seat.We estimate that a one seat increase for the far …-right, anti-immigration party decreases negative attitudes towards immigration by 4.1 percentage points, in opposition to the …

We study the effect of former Communist party membership on paying bribes to public officials and motivations for …-socialist countries in 2015/16. To deal with endogeneity, we instrument party membership with information on whether family members were … affected by the Second World War. Instrumental variable results suggest that links to the former Communist party increase the …