economic crisis that began in 2008. It starts from the observation that the decline in employment and rise in unemployment in … shows that, at least for the time being, unemployment increases have been contained in countries with comparatively strong … further dualization of labour markets given that risks are allocated unequally across types of employment …

performance. Our analysis has two special features. First, apart from the two labour market states - employment and unemployment … that a shock to the net flow from unemployment to employment drive the unemployment rate and the participation rate in … interact and affect the evolution of unemployment rates and participation rates, the two main indicators of labour market …

variables). Besides institutional variables influencing external numerical flexibility (employment protection, unemployment …