study points at the changes in Germany's status- and occupation-oriented unemployment benefit regime that has been … relinquished for a larger share of dependent population. Unemployment insurance benefit duration is shorter now and newly created … basic income support for needy persons is not earnings-related anymore. Pressure on unemployed to take up jobs has increased …

passive welfare state, strong employment protection and collective bargaining that stabilize diversified quality production … of flexible or 'atypical' jobs, whereas increasing flexibility of the standard employment relationship resulted from wage …

In an experimental setting some Danish unemployed workers were assigned to an activation program while others were not …. Unemployed who were assigned to the activation program found a job more quickly. We show that the activation effect increases … with the distance between the place of residence of the unemployed worker and the place where the activation took place. We …