In this article, we empirically study the survival of the ruling party in parliamentary democracies using a hazard rate …

We study the effect of former Communist party membership on paying bribes to public officials and motivations for …-socialist countries in 2015/16. To deal with endogeneity, we instrument party membership with information on whether family members were … affected by the Second World War. Instrumental variable results suggest that links to the former Communist party increase the …