results are consistent with naturalized migrants being less likely to vote for the Republican Party than native voters and … with native voters' political preferences moving towards the Republican Party because of high immigration of non …

We study the effect of former Communist party membership on paying bribes to public officials and motivations for …-socialist countries in 2015/16. To deal with endogeneity, we instrument party membership with information on whether family members were … affected by the Second World War. Instrumental variable results suggest that links to the former Communist party increase the …