expensive older workers into retirement. Based on the seniority wage model developed by Lazear (1979), we discuss steep … seniority wage profiles as incentives for firms to dismiss older workers before retirement. Conditional on individual retirement … incentives, e.g., social security wealth or health status, the steepness of the wage profile will have different incentives for …

share of females reducing the wage level. These results are compatible with a theory where job promotion is an important … factor of wage increases: if more females are to be mentored, less promotion slots are available for males, but also the …