home in their occupation. When their partners worked on-site, mothers and fathers working from home spent more time on … childcare, especially mothers, compared to those on-site; fathers spent more time on household chores. However, only mothers …-site, mothers and fathers working from home worked roughly equally fewer paid hours and did more secondary childcare, though fathers …

This paper investigates the effects of public childcare availability in Italy on mothers' working status and children … childcare availability has positive and significant effects on both mothers' working status and children's language test scores …. The effects are stronger when the degree of rationing is high and for low educated mothers and children living in lower …

subsidized child care in Spain in the early 1990s, addressing the impact on mothers' short- and long-run employment outcomes (up … worked (9%) of mothers with age-eligible (3-year-old) children, and that these effects persisted over time. Heterogeneity … matters. While persistence is strong among mothers with a high-school degree, the effects of the program on maternal …

domestic work, and bought in child care for married or cohabiting mothers with pre-school age children. The father's behavior …

effects: high educated non-mothers are persuaded by the informational treatments to increase their intended use of formal … child care (and to pay more); whereas low educated non-mothers to reduce their intended labor supply. These findings are …

child care on maternal employment, despite a strong correlation. Instead of increasing mothers' labor supply, the new …

mothers of pre-school-age children spend doing enriching childcare and whether they adjust their schedules to spend time with … their children at more-desirable times of day. I find that employed mothers shift enriching childcare time from workdays to … shifting among part-time employed mothers. I find no evidence that full-time employed mothers adjust their schedules to spent …

, we show that the reform reduced mothers' likelihood to return to work within three years by only 1.4 percentage points …

Increasing mothers' labour supply in a child's preschool years can cause a reduction in time investments that lead to a … negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask … variation in both mothers' hours and family income in pre-school years. As expected we find a negative direct effect of an …