(baseline: 69%) for high-school graduates who come from a state with tuition fees. Moreover, we find that students with lower … high-school grades react more strongly to tuition fees. This might have important effects on the composition of students …

environments. However, disadvantaged students have lowerparticipation rates in mobility schemes, and hence benefit less from their … across allcountries that disadvantaged students do not only lose out on mobility experience due totheir background but also …

In Germany, the streaming of students into an academic or nonacademic track at age 10 can be revised at later stages of …

Students from low-income families are eligible to student aid under the federal students' financial assistance scheme … received by eligible students to raise enrolment rates into tertiary education. We view this reform as a quot …

studies have shown no effect on enrollment, we analyze the effects on students' budgets. To identify causal effects, we … exploited the natural experiment established by the introduction of fees. They did not affect students' spending behavior … students increased their budgets only marginally; fees did not increase social inequality …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon …