competition. Our subjects (students just under 15 years of age) attend publicly-funded single-sex and coeducational schools. We …

wages; the most widely accepted theoretical explanations interpret the unemployment rate as a measure of job competition …. This paper proposes new ways of measuring job competition, alternative to the unemployment rate, and finds that the … negative relationship still holds when job competition is measured following the job search literature. While for men the wage …

different components of the labour force on innovation at the sectoral level between 1994 and 2005. The authors focus, in … determinants of innovation, such as R&D investments, stock of patents and openness to trade. To address possible endogeneity of … accordingly. Our results show that highly-educated migrants have a positive effect on innovation even if the effect is smaller …

.S., Canada, the U.K., and Germany, we construct beauty measures in different ways that allow putting a lower bound on the true …

to overcome such limitations for Germany by complementing administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency with … Germany from 2001 to 2008 and contains around 920,000 individuals. The complementary survey covers a panel of more than 17 …

comparable enterprise level data from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Exporters are more productive and pay higher wages … significantly smaller in Germany, significantly larger in France, and does not differ significantly in the UK. The results for wages …

Germany and the UK whether the self-employed are less likely to move or migrate than employees. Using longitudinal data from … in employment status we found little evidence that the self-employed in Germany and the UK are more rooted in place than …

comparison income effect. In East Germany the reference income effects are insignificant for all. With data from the British …