This paper investigates the effects of public childcare availability in Italy on mothers' working status and children … childcare availability has positive and significant effects on both mothers' working status and children's language test scores …. The effects are stronger when the degree of rationing is high and for low educated mothers and children living in lower …

subsidized child care in Spain in the early 1990s, addressing the impact on mothers' short- and long-run employment outcomes (up … worked (9%) of mothers with age-eligible (3-year-old) children, and that these effects persisted over time. Heterogeneity … matters. While persistence is strong among mothers with a high-school degree, the effects of the program on maternal …

, we show that the reform reduced mothers' likelihood to return to work within three years by only 1.4 percentage points …

leave policies. We analyze the impact of a major parental leave reform on mothers' long-term earnings. The 2007 German … policy on long-run earnings of mothers, we use a difference-in-difference approach that compares labor market outcomes of … mothers who gave birth just before and right after the reform and nets out seasonal effects by including the year before …

payments in households where the annual income of the higher-earning exceeded their threshold encouraged mothers to start ….Furthermore, we find that some mothers who started working as part-time workers because of the cuts in CB used to work full …-time before giving birth and quit after giving birth. Even though the mothers resumed work outside the home, expenditure on …

. This paper studies how mothers' return to work behavior and labor market outcomes are affected by alternative mixes of … mothers' labor market outcomes in the medium run, neither of benefit duration nor of job-protection duration. To understand … the relative importance (and interaction) of the two policy instruments in shaping mothers' return to work behavior, we …

applications, resulting in a large increase in enrollment among lower-SES families. The treatment increases lower-SES mothers' full …-time employment rates by 9 percentage points (+160%), household income by 10%, and mothers' earnings by 22%. The effect on full …

temporal variation in the intensity of implementation of the NREGS, we find that greater participation of mothers in the … which children's educational outcomes improve is empowerment of mothers resulting from better labour market opportunities …