We use data on British football managers and teams over the 1994-2007 period to study substitution and complementarity … equal, managers who themselves played at a higher level raise the productivity of less-skilled teams by more than that of … subordinates the skills needed to succeed, since less skilled players have more to learn. We also find that managers with more …

Prior to July 2009, salaries of the members of the European Parliament were paid by their home country and there were … each member of the Parliament is pegged to 38.5% of a European Court judge's salary, paid by the EU. This created an … are independent of attendance to the Parliament. Using detailed information on each parliamentarian of the European …

system. We apply the method to the Finnish proportional open list system. Being elected to parliament increases annual …

mitigated by pay-for-performance incentives for managers who decide upon promotion. Second, we analyze matched employer … indeed substantially higher when managers receive performance-related pay or participate in gain sharing plans …

employees are hired under Hispanic and non-Hispanic, white managers, and then examine the effects of manager-employee ethnic …