preferences for family supports, which we refer to as 'informal family insurance'. We exploit both cross-country and cohort … rise to the abolition of the family', we find robust evidence that EC strengthens the preference for family insurance which …

learn as apprentices from the old. Institutions such as the family, the clan, the guild, and the market organize who learns …

former USSR - the CIS and Baltic states - over 25 years from 1985 to 2009. We use the OECD methodology (OECD EPL, version II … the former USSR with respect to firing costs were extremely rigid and were subsequently liberalized by the 15 successor … decades. By now, the ex-USSR states as a group do not differ that much from the EU-15 and OECD countries in terms of the …

Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade … - sometimes rapidly - from 1928 to 1985. While this measure suggests that the standard of living improved in the USSR throughout … across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using these alternative measures of well-being. In the …