This paper develops a simulation model in order to examine the effectiveness of state attempts at redistribution under …-level redistribution are substantial, but state action may still be preferred to a federal policy that is at odds with preferences of a … state pursuing additional redistribution, but not a cost at the national level …

of the lobbying investment depends on whether or not the candidates are willing to respond and able to collude on low …-tax policies that do not harm their relative chances in the elections. In the experiment, we find that lobbying is never successful … when the lobbyist and candidates interact just once. By contrast, it yields substantially lower redistribution in about 40 …

what condition an interest group prefers to direct its lobbying efforts to two parties or the two coalition and opposition … discipline. The lobbying efforts under un-enforced and enforced party discipline are also compared. Finally, we clarify the …

. The two dimensions provide an opportunity to trade off one policy over another to make the lobbying opposition less …

' policy choices by transferring money to them. We observe very high levels of redistribution – even when transfers to …