welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate … aggression. In this lab experiment, we find that adopting an objective attitude (Objective), through a form of emotion regulation …

punishment, so that they increase overall welfare? We report an experiment in which players can issue non-binding threats to … their actual punishment level. We find that threats increase the level of contributions significantly. Efficiency is … punishment leads to lower threats, cooperation and welfare, restoring them to levels equal to or below the levels attained in the …

in biology and the social sciences. Recent experimental evidence suggests that altruistic punishment is an important … mechanism to maintain cooperation among humans. In this paper we explore the boundary conditions for altruistic punishment to … maintain cooperation by systematically varying the cost and impact of punishment, using a subject pool which extends beyond the …

and privileged groups with and without decentralized punishment. We find that compared to normal groups, privileged groups … are relatively ineffective in using costly sanctions to increase everyone's contributions. Punishment is less targeted …

actions of bad actors. However, in many situations bad acts go undetected and unknown to others.We use a lab experiment to …

heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not allowed all groups converge towards free-riding. With punishment, contributions … that these differences are not accidental but enforced by punishment. The enforced contribution norms are related to …

preference in one experiment and make a point prediction about the contribution to a repeated public good. This allows for a … predicted contributions, because they contribute in the first half of the experiment. We also show that the interaction of …

punishment is widely agreed to be potentially useful in fostering cooperation, many recent results in psychology and economics … promoting social norms. We show here, using experiments with human subjects, that public implementation of punishment can … interests, we find that privately implemented punishment reduces cooperation relative to a baseline treatment without punishment …

bear a higher burden of punishment costs than non-police subjects. When the norm enforcement institution is endogenous, all …

of fines on punishment and deterrence. Partial effects are effects on potential violators' and punishers' decisions when … punish, which in turn reduces the deterrence effect of high fines. Using a laboratory experiment, we identify these effects … hypotheses derived from the theory …