spend significantly more money on the welfare of children and less on consumption of adult goods. In an attempt to explain … persons lacking the financial means to rely on themselves during old-age invest more in children who care for them in later … of expenditure allocated towards the welfare of children. FHH having access to alternative means of old-age security …

the future of their children through the family, the labour market, and public policy actually differ? Using a number of … representative household surveys we find that the configuration of all three sources of investment and support for children differs … significantly, disadvantaged American children living in much more challenging circumstances, and the role of public policy not as …

children born to 600000 mothers during 1970-2000 in 38 developing countries. These data are merged with macroeconomic data by … aggregate shocks and trends in unobservables within countries, while a panel of children within mother is exploited to control …. The interaction (gradient) effects are, in general, most marked for shorter women suggesting that children are more likely …

from a sample of around 5,000 children collected in the UK in 1937-39, who have been traced through official death records … household income only being a significant predictor of death from cancer. Moreover, we find that children born in a location … with relatively high infant mortality rates live significantly fewer years, that 1st born children in the family live …