countries. In the paper, we compare the labour market developments in four countries: Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. There … are pronounced differences in the labour market participation in the four countries: high levels of employment in Germany … and Sweden are in contrast with low levels of employment in Italy and Poland. In the latter two countries, there is also a …

, state-level smoking bans were gradually introduced in all of Germany's sixteen federal states. We exploit this variation in …-in-differences estimates show that the introduction of smoke-free legislation in Germany did not change average smoking behavior within the …

In Germany, employees are generally obliged to participate in the public health insurance system, where coverage is …

turbulence; a large economy with rigid labor markets, Poland, and a small open economy with increased flexibility, Estonia. We …. Quantitative exercises suggest that the over-specialization of the labor force in Poland led to much higher and persistent …

and Poland. Using the Italian and Polish time use surveys, both the opportunity cost and the market replacement approaches …. However, the huge difference in the value of unpaid family care work, which in Italy exceeds the value of Poland by about …

Poland has traditionally been treated as an emigration country. Since recently Poland has been changing into an … on immigration to Poland and instruments of integration policy in the context of the existing institutional framework. We … propose also recommendations for the pre-integration and integration policy in Poland. The goal of the paper is modest since …