. Exploiting within-country variation to identify the effect of democratization during the 'Third Wave', we find evidence that the … effect of democratization is weaker than reported previously once one accounts for the incidence of conflict, while the … significantly reduce the incidence and onset of conflict, which suggests that part of the positive growth effect of democratization …

World Bank projects and generally find that projects that are potentially politically motivated – such as those granted to … governments holding a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council or an Executive Directorship at the World Bank … Council members with higher short-term debt, however, a negative quality rating is more likely. So we find evidence that World …

We study the process of endogenous democratization from inefficient oligarchic systems in an economy where … the conditions under which democratization initially takes place. The political regime and the extent of redistribution … enforcement of property rights depends on the extent of predation activities in the economy. The theory highlights the importance …

This paper investigates the role of violent civil conflicts during the process of democratization for the quality of … emerging democracies, and in particular, the protection of civil (political and economic) liberties. A simple theory in which … different groups may engage in violent conflict in order to become the ruler predicts a crucial role of the democratization …

reached, and whether, conversely, democratization is likely to be an obstacle to the acceptation of market liberalization. Our … European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank, in 28 post-Transition countries. Our identification …