of the lobbying investment depends on whether or not the candidates are willing to respond and able to collude on low …-tax policies that do not harm their relative chances in the elections. In the experiment, we find that lobbying is never successful … when the lobbyist and candidates interact just once. By contrast, it yields substantially lower redistribution in about 40 …

what condition an interest group prefers to direct its lobbying efforts to two parties or the two coalition and opposition … discipline. The lobbying efforts under un-enforced and enforced party discipline are also compared. Finally, we clarify the …

. The two dimensions provide an opportunity to trade off one policy over another to make the lobbying opposition less … aggressive. In a first stage, the Government proposes a reform over the two policies, and in a second stage engages in a contest … with an Interest Group over the enactment of the proposed reform. As a result, the Government makes a compromise, under …