dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981 …–2005. Our results show that in the long-run energy consumption has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions. More … interestingly, we show that real GDP exhibits a quadratic relationship with CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. However …

strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality …We examine causal links between energy consumption and health indicators (Mortality rate under-5, life expectancy … Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show that health and energy consumption are …

unit root, we study the causality links between energy use and employment for a sample of 16 African countries over the … indicate that employment and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. Unidirectional causality from employment to energy use … in Tunisia, Cameroun, Zambia and Ethiopia is found. A unidirectional causality from energy use to employment is found in …

which offer a greater flexibility when modelling the possible asymmetric reaction in equities. Contrary to conventional …

for Economic Co-operation and Development's Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies dataset for …