also find suggestive evidence that the paid exemption reform reduces the labor income for males in the target group. The …

persistent effect on subsequent employment and income. After initial periods with a higher incidence of sick leave, treated … treated workers, who manage to stay in employment, incur persistent income losses. The effects are stronger for sub-groups of …

Many literatures investigate the causal impact of income on economic outcomes, for example in the context of … industry affiliation as an instrument for income. We demonstrate that industry affiliation is correlated with fixed individual …

This study provides new evidence on top income shares in Germany from the period of industrialization to the present …. Income concentration was high in the nineteenth century, dropped sharply after World War I and during the hyperinflation … II, German top income shares returned to 1920s levels. The German pattern stands in sharp contrast to developments in …

income based on income of parents... …

Income is an important correlate for numerous phenomena in the social sciences. But manysurveys collect data with just … a single question covering all forms of income. This raisesissues of quality, and these are heightened when individuals … are asked about the householdtotal rather than own income alone. Data are typically banded, implying a loss of information …