When do opposition groups decide to mount a terrorism campaign and when do they enter an open civil conflict against … the ruling government? This paper models an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and open conflict …. Terrorism emerges if executive constraints are intermediate and rents are sizeable. Open conflict is predicted to emerge under …

public goods and redistributive policies, and its impact on the degree of fractionalization and polarization across ethnic …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements …

, appear especially likely to be exploited by the parties to a civil conflict. Even legally traded commodities such as oil and … Colombian civil conflict is fueled by the financial opportunities that coca provides, and that the consequent rent …

chances of conflict incidence and onset - a result that is independent of religious fractionalization, polarization, and …Model uncertainty remains a persistent concern when exploring the drivers of civil conflict and civil war. Considering …-sectional and panel data, three robust results emerge. First, past conflict constitutes the most powerful predictor of current …

This paper investigates the relationship between state-based conflict and entrepreneurship. From a survey of the … existing literature, we formulate two hypotheses: (1) state-based conflict has a negative association with productive and … entrepreneurship. We test these hypotheses by drawing on several state-based conflict and entrepreneurship measures, using appropriate …

the economic causes and consequences of the conflict in Punjab, which has been classified as a civil war and also an …. Finally, I consider the macro and microeconomic effects of the conflict in Punjab that affected every walk of life and perhaps …