This paper shows that 19th-century industrialization is an important determinant of the significant changes in Germany …, economic ascent in the South. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in access to coal, we show that early industrialization … industrialization explains most of the decline in regional inequality observed in the 1960s and 1970s and about half of the current …

cross section of countries make it clear that urbanization and industrialization are strongly associated with the rise of … social insurance. We describe a model economy in which demographics, technology, and social security are linked together. We … study an economy with two locations (sectors), the farm (agricultural) and the city (industrial). The decision to migrate …

Beginning in the late 1970s, China's economy delivered the largest growth spurt in recorded history. Striking … "China miracle" that requires neither economic nor historical analysis. This overlooks deep institutional constraints arising … decentralized innovation. Historic legacies that shape political structures and individual behavior will continue to influence China …

In this paper, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate how well China's urban areas absorb migrant workers … under the interaction of urbanization and industrialization. We applied an output-oriented BCC model to evaluate provincial … and regional rural labor absorption efficiency in mainland China. It appears that 4 out of 31 provinces and municipals are …

Industry mean wages in China have exhibited sharply increased dispersion since the early 1990s. The upward trend in … and urban sectors but within the urban economy as well. Research on the trend has focused on (1) how market forces have … contributed to wage inequality due monopoly rent sharing. We show that the industrial wage dispersion in China has evolved to …

We see industrialization in China the last 150 years as an ongoing process through which firms acquired and deepened … manufacturing capabilities. Two factors have been consistently important to this process: openness to the international economy and … seriously limit benefits. For a latecomer like China, modern industry initially finds its most success in more labor …