This survey shows that union membership and density as well as bargaining coverage have fallen in most countries and … the sectoral structure of the economy and the composition of the workforce have played a role, their contribution to union … in various parts of the world poses a challenge to union recruitment. Union density and bargaining coverage are related …

union to lower wages. This mitigates the positive impact on absence. Moreover, a union may oppose higher sick pay if it … reduces labour supply sufficiently. Better employee health tends to foster wage demands. If the union determines both wages …