for rural and urban areas, and are based on a framework provided by the over education/required education/under education … education in rural China is much higher for females than for males. Associated with this, the wage penalty where workers are …

paper uses the Over-education/ Required education/Under-education specification of the earnings equation to explore the … years of under-education. A set of predictions is presented to assess the relative importance of these channels, and the … over-education channel is shown to be the more influential factor. This channel is linked to greater positive selection in …

-country changes in the average share of schools with autonomy over key elements of school operations. Our results show that autonomy …

Quantitative school performance measures (QPMs) are playing an ever larger role in education systems on both sides of … the Atlantic. In this paper we outline the rationale for the use of such measures in education, review the literature … in improving the educational quality. We delineate several institutional reforms which would help schools to respond …

progress. Maternal education and mental health, family income, and major adverse life events, are all significant in explaining …

shocks to the primary household earner should have more negative consequences for child education – it is especially maternal … health are about 7 percentage points less likely to be enrolled in education at ages 15-24. These results are robust to …