trimester of pregnancy. The negative impact on cognitive skills and development is concentrated on lower-income children and …

mothersâ postcodes (zip codes) of residence during pregnancy, we examine whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 is associated with … infant outcomes once we implement a fixed effects approach that accounts for time-invariant factors common to mothers. While …

In this paper, we estimate the effect of maternal displacements during pregnancy on birth outcomes by leveraging … separation of pregnant single mothers leads to a decrease in birth weight (BW) by around 28 grams (-1% ca.) and an increase in … incidence of low BW for mothers in a marriage or stable union. We document more pronounced negative effects for single mothers …

children born to 600000 mothers during 1970-2000 in 38 developing countries. These data are merged with macroeconomic data by …

a reduction in the incidence of LBW and SGA, especially in the second trimester during pregnancy. This finding was …

overall health status at birth. These effects are mainly driven by pollution exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy … disadvantaged mothers are more vulnerable. Given the non negligible effects of pollution on birth outcomes, further policy efforts …

extreme heat increases the risk of maternal hospitalization during pregnancy, and that this effect is larger for black than … for white mothers. At childbirth, heat-exposed mothers are more likely to have hypertension and have longer hospital stays …

the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Our estimates are similar when we focus on just the impact of the initial …