over other exporters into the Chinese market. While there is evidence of decreased export bundle concentration and movement …

by sub-regions, the magnitude of the colonial vestige in Africa is a significant determinant of emigration flows. Overall …

country with the highest pre-pandemic per-capita irregular migration rates in Africa. We use a large-scale panel survey …

We explore the export performance of Africa's underperforming female entrepreneurs, using the Ghanaian ISSER-IGC panel … of key business constraints, across both male and female entrepreneurs. We find that females are less likely to export … and security concerns, are more deeply felt by female entrepreneurs. This may hint at the exclusion of Africa's females …

lessons have been learned that may guide future policy. We focus on Europe and USA, but introduce evidence from other …